Osteoarthritis is one of the most common types of arthritis. It can either be degenerative, worsening over a period of time, or will stabilize at a certain point, usually when damage to the joints has already occurred. Although there is currently no cure, there are a number of osteoarthritis treatments available to reduce symptoms and alleviate pain.
Painkillers may be prescribed to mask the pain caused by osteoarthritis. These can vary in strength, from over the counter medicines such as ibuprofen and aspirin to stronger medicines such as morphine, which must be prescribed by your doctor.
Prescription medication for osteoarthritis includes Prescription Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (known as NSAIDs) and Corticosteroids. NSAIDs work by reducing inflammation and swelling of the joints, and also provide some pain relief. If you have a history of heart disease you will need to inform your doctor before taking NSAIDs as there is a risk of cardiovascular problems. Some medications are available in cream form and are applied directly to the skin.
Corticosteroids are administered either orally or injected directly into the affected joint. Although they are effective at reducing arthritic pain, corticosteroid injections can cause damage to cartilage, so are generally limited to only one or two injections per year.
Glucosamine Sulphate is found naturally in the cartilage and joint tissue. The body's natural ability to manufacture Glucosamine is reduced with age, which can lead to deterioration of the cartilage and eventually osteoarthritis. Glucosamine Sulphate taken as a supplement can stimulate the body to produce Glucosamino-glycans, which can repair damaged cartilage and prevent any further degeneration. Glucosamine is often taken with Chondroitin, another growth promoting substance found in cartilage.
If you are overweight, you will be placing extra stress on load bearing joints such as hips and knees, which can worsen the symptoms of osteoarthritis. If you are able to lose even a small amount of weight it could make a big difference in the pain and discomfort you experience. Maintaining a healthy weight can also help prevent osteoarthritis from developing.
Regular exercise can increase joint mobility and function, plus reduce stiffness and pain. It can be difficult to exercise when you are in pain, but low impact exercises such as walking or cycling can be undertaken. Swimming is especially good as your body weight is supported by the water. Some weight training may be useful to strengthen the muscles supporting the joints. Your physiotherapist should be able to put together a program for you.
Massage can provide temporary relief from pain and discomfort. Gentle kneading of the affected area can increase blood flow and relieve pain. The affected joints will be sensitive, so it is important to use a massage therapist with some experience of treating arthritis sufferers.
A transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) machine is a device which is placed over the affected area and then directs a mild electric pulse to the nerve endings. This works by blocking the message of pain sent to the brain and will provide a temporary relief.
Joint supports such as a splint or brace can support joints from being overused and thus exacerbating symptoms. These should always be fitted by a physiotherapist.
Some osteoarthritis sufferers have found relief using more modern methods such as acupuncture or holistic therapies.
Heat & Ice Packs applied to affected joints can provide pain relief. These can be purchased as special packs which can be heated in a microwave or chilled in a freezer before use.
Of course, we are all individuals, and what works for one person may not work for another; you should see your doctor to discuss the osteoarthritis treatments which may be suitable for you.
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