Chondroitin Sulfate Helps Osteoarthritis

Many supplements seem effective but it's unclear how they work. Not chondroitin. This complex carbohydrate is a naturally occurring part of our cartilage, and its use and the effects thereof have been studied for decades.

What Is It?

Chondroitin sulfate is a complex carbohydrate that naturally occurs in our cartilage. Cartilage is the soft tissue covering the ends of bones inside our joints that helps reduce friction as the joint bones move against one another, helping with fluid joint movement.

Chondroitin's primary function is to help cartilage retain water, making it more supple. It is often combined with glucosamine sulfate as an anti-arthritis supplement combination.

Where It Works Best

Note that it is chondroitin sulfate which has been extensively studied. As with glucosamine, any form other than sulfate will not have the benefit of reliable scientific research behind it.

Taken orally, there is strong evidence that chondroitin will reduce osteoarthritis pain of the knee, spine, hips and finger joints, will increase mobility and reduce the need for anti-inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen. The studies have shown these effects when taken orally for 6-24 months. Always cautious, scientists are unwilling to say whether you will see benefits outside these time parameters.

There is somewhat less strong but still good evidence that it may be beneficial in treating interstitial cystitis, a chronic inflammation of the bladder. It may also help those with an overactive bladder or with bladder control problems. While these findings are preliminary and deserve further study, they are promising and have the support of serious scientists.

Other suggested uses such as for psoriasis, eye treatment, iron absorption deficiency, or muscle soreness simply do not have enough research behind them to be scientifically reliable. As with the use of any supplement, it is best to consult your health care provider before use, particularly if you have a medical condition or already take medication or supplements.

Safety

While generally considered safe, there are some precautions to consider.

Allergy
Since it is often manufactured from shark or beef cartilage and bovine trachea, any allergies to these substances should be considered. There are synthetically manufactured varieties which can be a good substitute. Hives, rash, sun sensitivity and less asthma control have also been reported.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Avoid use if pregnant or breastfeeding, as this has not been reliably studied. Also, there is a chemical similarity to heparin, a blood thinner not recommended during pregnancy.

Side Effects
Generally there is good tolerance in studies which have looked at use for up to three years. This is not a recommended supplement if you have or are at higher risk for prostate cancer, since it increases the risk of spreading or recurrence of this disease. There are rare reports of a variety of adverse side effects including nausea, headache, elevated blood pressure, leg swelling or diarrhea.

Children
There is no proven effect in children under 18, and therefore it should be avoided.

Manganese
It is often seen combined with manganese, a trace element necessary for bone health. Since the maximum recommended daily intake of manganese from foods and supplements should not exceed 11 mg, read the label carefully and choose a brand without manganese if necessary.